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РОССИЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ им. А.И. ГЕРЦЕНА ВОЛХОВСКИЙ ФИЛИАЛ КАФЕДРА ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СТИЛИСТИКА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Учебно-методическое пособие Волхов 2012 ББК 81.2 Англ – 3я73 УДК 811.111’373 Л – 43 Печатается по решению Ученого Совета Волховского филиала РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена Автор-составитель: Филиппова С.Г. Рецензенты: Настоящее пособие предназначено для студентов IV курса специальности 050303 «Иностранный язык (английский)» и направлений «Филологическое образование», «Педагогическое образование» с профилем «Иностранный язык». Пособие отражает современные тенденции и требования к обучению преподавателей английского языка. Оно включает в себя ключевые вопросы лекционных занятий, планы семинарских занятий, задания контрольных работ, методические указания по организации контроля и самостоятельной работы студентов, вопросы к экзамену, англо-русский терминологический словарь, тематику курсовых работ и списки литературы. Результаты освоения дисциплины оцениваются по балльно-рейтинговой системе, которая представлена в технологической карте. Курс читается на английском языке. Введение Предметом изучения дисциплины являются стилистические явления английского языка – стилистически окрашенные языковые единицы, их функционирование в тексте и функциональные стили. Целью курса является обучение студентов основным теоретическим вопросам и практическому умению анализировать англоязычный художественный текст с целью выявления стилистических явлений и характеристики их стилистических функций. Задачи изучения дисциплины:
В результате изучения материала дисциплины студенты должны:
Теоретические знания, приобретаемые студентами в ходе изучения дисциплины, детализируют общетеоретические лингвистические знания студентов – будущих преподавателей английского языка и составляют теоретическую основу навыков и умений владения иностранным языком. Практические навыки стилистического анализа позволяют углубить знания всех уровней английского языка и совершенствовать навыки чтения англоязычных текстов. Содержание Ключевые вопросы лекционного курса Topic 1. Introduction Stylistics as a linguistic discipline: The object and subject of Stylistics; its foundation and development; Stylistics and other linguistic disciplines; Stylistics of Decoding and the theory of information, General and Functional Stylistics, the structure of Stylistics; Paradigmatics and Syntagmatics in Stylistics. Part 1 General Stylistics Topic 2 Categories of Stylistics: Style; Norm and Neutrality; Literary Norm, Language and Speech; Variant and Invariant; Selection and Combination; Stylistic function. Topic 3 The theory of Context: Linguistic Context; Stylistic Context; its types and functions. Topic 4 Imagery and Imagination: Image and Imagery in the Language and Mind development; Imagery in Stylistics; Informative and creative writing, Descriptive and figurative images, The structure of an image; Image and symbol, functions of imagery. Topic 5 Synonymy in Stylistics: Stylistic and functional stylistic meaning, Language and speech synonyms, Stylistic Synonyms. Topic 6 Stylistic Means: Expressive Means and Stylistic Devises. Part 2 Stylistic Lexicology Topic 7 Tropes: Transference of meaning, mechanism of tropes, Types of tropes, Figures of Quality. Metaphor, Personification, Allegory, Metonymy, Synecdoche, Antonomasia, Irony. Figures of Quantity. Hyperbole, Meiosis, Leitotes. Trite and fresh tropes, Epithet and its classification. Topic 8 Types of Semantic Syntagmatic Relationships: Figures of Identity, Figures of Inequality, Figures of Contrast. Simile, Synonymous replacement, Zeugma, Pun, Tautology, Climax, Bathos, Oxymoron, Antithesis Topic 9 Stylistic classification of English Vocabulary: Lexical and stylistic meaning, words with lexical-stylistic paradigm; words without lexical-stylistic paradigm; words of high stylistic tone (Elevated Lexis), words of low stylistic tone (Degraded Lexis). Poetic, Archaic and Historic words, Barbarisms, Terms, Foreign words, Slang words, Jargonisms, Professionalisms, Dialectal words, Vulgarisms, Literary and Colloquial Coinages, Nonce Words. Stylistic use of Phraseology. Part 3 Stylistic Phonetics and Graphics Topic 10 Phonetic stylistic means: Sounds and prosody, Versification (rhythm, rhyme, meter, structure of verse) Onomatopoeia, alliteration, assonance, paronomasia. Topic 11 Graphic stylistic means: Grapheme, graphon, logical stress, graphic text organization. Part 4 Stylistic Morphology Topic 12 Morphological stylistic means: Morphological stylistic sources; Morphological Stylistic Device; Stylistic use of nouns, articles, pronouns, adjectives, verbs. Part 5 Stylistic Syntax Topic 13 Syntactic stylistic means: The Sentence Model; Syntactic Expressive means. Ellipsis, Nominative sentences, Aposiopesis, Repetition, Enumeration, Emphatic constructions, Inversion, Distancy, Asyndeton, Polisyndeton; Syntactic stylistic devices. Parallelism, Chiasmus, Anaphora, Epiphora, Anadiplosis, Framing, Rhetoric Question, Parcellation. Part 6 Stylistics of Text Topic 14 Foregrounding of stylistic devices: Foregrounding, its types and functions; Convergence, Coupling, Defeated Expectancy, Strong Position. Topic 15 The level of text in a language: Text; Text Models; types of information in the text; text categories, integrity, cohesion and coherency; factors and forms of cohesion; directions and elements of coherency, discreteness, substantive discreteness; functional discreteness. Part 7 Functional Stylistics Topic 16 The theory of Functional Styles: Functional style, sublanguage, register; Classifications of Functional Styles. Topic 17 Characteristic features of Functional Styles: Scientific Style, Official Style, Publicistic Style, Newspaper style, Belles-Lettres Style, Colloquial style. Семинарские занятия
Exercise 1. Analyze the function of the metaphors in the words of Henry Percy from “King Henry IV” by W. Shakespeare. What image do they create? But thought’s the slave of life, and life, time’s fool; And time, that takes survey of all the world, Must have a stop. O, I could prophesy, But that the earthy and cold hand of death Lies on my tongue: - no, Percy, thou art dust, And food for - [Dies] Exercise 2. Analyze the functions of the metonymies in Th Dylan’s poem “In My Craft or Sullen Art”. In my craft or sullen art Exercised in the still night When only the moon rages (сияет) And the lovers lie abed With all their griefs in their arms, I labour by singing light Not for ambition or bread Or the strut (важная походка) and trade of charms (обмен любезностями) On the ivory stages (элита, белая кость) But for the common wages Of their most secret heart. Exercise 3. Find the cases of hyperbole, analyze their functions. What can you say about the characters’ names? Mrs Candour (прямота). My dear Lady Sneerwell, how have you been this century? – Mr Surface, what news do you hear? – though indeed it is no matter, for I think one hears nothing else but scandal. Joseph Surface. Just so, indeed, ma’am. Mrs Candour. Oh, Maria! Child, - what, is the whole affair off between you and Charles? His extravagance, I presume – the town talks of nothing else (School for Scandal. R. B. Sheridan) Exercise 4. Find the cases of tropes, analyze their functions.
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes, Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening, Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains, Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys, Slipped by the terrace, made a sudden leap, And seeing that it was a soft October night, Curled once about the house, and fell asleep (T.S. Eliot. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock)
Exercise 1. Find the cases of simile and define their functions. What images are formed with the help of similes? Name the structural elements of these images. Name other SD used in the fragments:
Exercise 2. Find the epithets, name the types and define their functions:
Exercise 3. Find the cases of zeugma and define their functions:
Exercise 4. Find the cases of antithesis and define their functions:
Exercise 5. Find the SD and define their functions:
“They are,” repeated young Jolyon, “half England, and the better half, too, the safe half, the three per cent half, the half that counts” (J. Galsworthy. The Forsyte Saga).
Lady Bracknell: To lose one parent, Mr Worthing, may be regarded as a misfortune; to lose both looks like carelessness. Who was your father? (O. Wilde. The Importance of Being Earnest).
To prepare the face to meet the faces that you meet; There will be time to murder and create, And time for all the works and days of hands That lift and drop the question on your plate; Time for you and time for me, And time yet for a hundred indecisions, And for a hundred visions and revisions, Before the taking of a toast and tea (T.S. Eliot. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock)
Upon our life a ruling effluence send; And when it fails, fight as we will, we die, And while it lasts, we cannot wholly end (M. Arnold. Palladium)
So long as the world contains us both, Me the loving and you the loth, While the one eludes, must the other pursue (R. Browning. Life in a Love)
Exercise 1. Match the poetisms with their meanings:
Exercise 2. Pick out the archaisms and analyse their functions:
Spirit of delight! Wherefore hast thou left me now Many a day and night? Many a weary night and day ‘Tis since thou art fled away (P.B. Shelley. Invocation of the Spirit of Delight) Exercise 3. Pick out the stylistically coloured words and analyse their functions: They were got about two miles beyond Barnet, and it was now the dusk of the evening, when a genteel-looking man, but upon a very shabby horse, rode up to Jones, and asked him whether he was going to London; to which Jones answered to the affirmative. The gentleman replied, “I should obliged to you, sir, if you will accept of my company; for it is very late, and I am a stranger to the road.” Jones readily complied with the request; and on they travelled together, holding that sort of discourse which is usual on such occasions (The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling. H. Fielding) Exercise 4. Characterise the speech of Rob Roy: “Muckle1,” said the stranger, whose language became more broadly national as he assumed a tone of colloquial freedom – “Muckle wad2 the provost and bailies o’ Glasgow gie3 to hae him sitting with iron garters to his hose within their tolbooth4, that now stands wi’ his legs as free as the red deer’s on the outside on’t. And little wad it awail them; for an if they had me there wi’ a stane’s5 weight o’ iron at every ancle, I would show them a toom6 room and a lost lodger before tomorrow. But come on, what stint7 ye for? (Rob Roy.W.Scott). Exercise 5. Characterise the speech of the Dodo. What effect does the register produce? ‘In this case’ said the Dodo solemnly, rising to its feet, ‘I move that the meeting adjourn, for the immediate adoption of more energetic remedies” ‘Speak English! I don’t know the meaning of half those long words, and what’s more, I don’t believe you do either (L. Carroll. Alice in Wonderland) Exercise 6. Characterise the usage of nonce-words, their meanings and functions: Scattered about London there were just three other buildings of similar appearance and size. So completely did they dwarf the surrounding architecture that from the roof of Victory Mansions you could see all four of them simultaneously. They were the homes of the four Ministries between which the entire apparatus of government was divided: the Ministry of Truth, which concerned itself with news, entertainment, education, and fine arts; the Ministry of Peace, which concerned itself with war; the Ministry of Love, which maintained law and order; and the Ministry of Plenty, which was responsible for economic affairs. Their names, in Newspeak: Minitrue, Minipax, Miniluv, and Miniplenty (G. Orwell. 1984). |
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